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God Sends His Son(Mt. 21:33-46; Lk. 20:9-19)

¹Jesus used stories to teach the people. He said, "A man planted a vineyarda. He put a wall around the field and dug a hole for a winepressb. Then he built a tower. He leased the land to some farmers and left for a trip.
²"Later, it was time for the grapes to be picked. So the man sent a servant to the farmers to get his share of the grapes. ³But the farmers grabbed the servant and beat him. They sent him away with nothing. ⁴Then the man sent another servant to the farmers. They hit this servant on the head, showing no respect for him. ⁵So the man sent another servant. The farmers killed this servant. The man sent many other servants to the farmers. The farmers beat some of them and killed the others.
⁶"The man had only one person left to send to the farmers. It was his son. He loved his son, but he decided to send him. He said, 'The farmers will respect my son.'
⁷"But the farmers said to each other, 'This is the owner's son, and this vineyard will be his. If we kill him, it will be ours.' ⁸So they took the son, threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him.
⁹"So what will the man who owns the vineyard do? He will go and kill those farmers. Then he will lease the land to others. ¹⁰Surely you have read this in the Scripturesc:

'The stone that the builders refused to accept became the cornerstoned.
¹¹The Lord did this, and it is wonderful to us.'"e

¹²When these Jewish leaders heard this story, they knew it was about them. They wanted to find a way to arrest Jesus, but they were afraid of what the crowd would do. So they left him and went away.

The Jewish Leaders Try to Trick Jesus(Mt. 22:15-22; Lk. 20:20-26) ¹³Later, the Jewish leaders sent some Phariseesf and some men from the group called Herodiansg to Jesus. They wanted to catch him saying something wrong. ¹⁴They went to Jesus and said, "Teacher, we know that you are an honest man. You are not afraid of what others think about you. All people are the same to you. And you teach the truth about God's way. Tell us, is it right to pay taxes to Caesarh? Should we pay them or not?
¹⁵But Jesus knew that these men were really trying to trick him. He said, "Why are you trying to catch me saying something wrong? Bring me a silver coini. Let me see it." ¹⁶They gave Jesus a coin and he asked, "Whose picture is on the coin? And whose name is written on it?" They answered, "It is Caesar's picture and Caesar's name."
¹⁷Then Jesus said to them, "Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and give to God what belongs to God." The men were amazed at what Jesus said.

Some Sadducees Try to Trick Jesus(Mt. 22:23-33; Lk. 20:27-40) ¹⁸Then some Sadduceesj came to Jesus. (Sadduceesj believe that no one will rise from death.) They asked him a question: ¹⁹"Teacher, Mosesk wrote that if a married man dies and had no children, his brother must marry the woman. Then they will have children for the dead brotherl. ²⁰There were seven brothers. The first brother married but died. He had no children. ²¹So the second brother married the woman. But he also died and had no children. The same thing happened with the third brother. ²²All seven brothers married the woman and died. None of the brothers had any children with her. And she was the last to die. ²³But all seven brothers had married her. So at the time when people rise from death, whose wife will she be?"
²⁴Jesus answered, "How could you be so wrong? It's because you don't know what the Scripturesc say. And you don't know anything about God's power. ²⁵When people rise from death, there will be no marriage. People will not be married to each other. All people will be like angels in heaven. ²⁶Surely you have read what God said about people rising from death. In the book where Moses wrote about the burning bushm, it says that God told Moses this: 'I am the God of Abrahamn, the God of Isaaco, and the God of Jacobp.'q ²⁷So they were not still dead, because he is the God only of living people. You Sadducees are so wrong!"

Which Command Is the Most Important?(Mt. 22:34-40; Lk. 10:25-28) ²⁸One of the teachers of the law came to Jesus. He heard Jesus arguing with the Sadduceesj and the Phariseefs. He saw that Jesus gave good answers to their questions. So he asked him, "Which of the commands is the most important?"
²⁹Jesus answered, "The most important command is this: 'People of Israelr, listen! The Lord our God is the only Lord. ³⁰Love the Lord your God with all your heart, all your soul, all your mind, and all your strength.'s ³¹The second most important command is this: 'Love your neighbort the same as you love yourself.'u These two commands are the most important."
³²The man answered, "That was a good answer, Teacher. You are right in saying that God is the only Lord and that there is no other God. ³³And you must love God with all your heart, all your mind, and all your strength. And you must love others the same as you love yourself. These commands are more important than all the animals and sacrifices we offer to God."
³⁴Jesus saw that the man answered him wisely. So he said to him, "You are close to God's kingdomv." And after that time, no one was brave enough to ask Jesus any more questions.

Is the Messiah David’s Son or David’s Lord?(Mt. 22:41-46; Lk. 20:41-44) ³⁵Jesus was teaching in the Templew area. He asked, "Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiahx is the son of Davidy? ³⁶With the help of the Holy Spiritz, David himself says,

'The Lord God said to my Lord:
Sit by me at my right side, and I will put your enemies under your controlaa.'

³⁷David himself calls the Messiah 'Lord.' So how can the Messiah be David's son?" Many people listened to Jesus and were very pleased.

Jesus Criticizes the Teachers of the Law(Mt. 23:1-36; Lk. 20:45-47) ³⁸Jesus continued teaching. He said, "Be careful of the teachers of the law. They like to walk around wearing clothes that look important. And they love for people to show respect to them in the marketplaces. ³⁹They love to have the most important seats in the synagoguesac and the places of honor at banquets. ⁴⁰But they cheat widows and take their homes. Then they try to make themselves look good by saying long prayers. God will punish them very much."

True Giving(Lk. 21:1-4) ⁴¹Jesus sat near the Templew collection boxad and watched as people put money into it. Many rich people put in a lot of money. ⁴²Then a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth less than a penny.
⁴³Jesus called his followers to him and said, "This poor widow put in only two small coins. But the truth is, she gave more than all those rich people. ⁴⁴They have plenty, and they gave only what they did not need. This woman is very poor, but she gave all she had. It was money she needed to live on."

^avineyard A garden or farm where grapes are grown.
^bwinepress A place dug in rock used to mash grapes and collect the juice for making wine.
^cScripture Part of the Scriptures or “Holy Writings” - the Old Testament.
^dcornerstone The first and most important stone of a building.
^ePsalm 118:22-23
^fPharisee A person who belonged to a Jewish religious group that claimed to follow carefully all Jewish laws and customs.
^gHerodians Members of a Jewish political group who were supporters of Herod and cooperated with the Pharisees in finding a way to stop Jesus from teaching.
^hCaesar The name or title given to the emperor (ruler) of Rome.
ⁱsilver coin Or “denarius,” a Roman coin that was worth the average pay for one day’s work.
^jSadducees A leading Jewish religious group. They accepted only the first five books of the Old Testament and believed that people will not live again after death.
^kMoses One of the most important leaders of the Israelites during the time of the Old Testament. God used him to give the people his law, which is often called “the Law of Moses.”
^l12:19 if … dead brother See Deut. 25:5, 6.
^m12:26 burning bush See Ex. 3:1-12.
ⁿAbraham The most respected ancestor of the Jewish people. Through him God promised to make a great nation and bless all the people of the earth. Read Gen. 12:1-3.
^oIsaac The son of Abraham and one of the most important ancestors of the Israelites or Jews.
^pJacob Or “Israel,” ancestor of the people of Israel (also called Israelites and, later, Jews). See Gen. 32:24-28 for the story of how Jacob was given the name Israel. He was the father of twelve sons from whom the twelve tribes of Israel descended, and the name Jacob continued to be used for the nation or people of Israel.
^q12:26 Quote from Ex. 3:6.
^rIsrael Another name for Jacob (see Gen. 32:24-28) and for the nation God chose to accomplish his plan of blessing the world through the Messiah (see “Messiah”). The people of Israel were the descendants of Jacob’s twelve sons. In the New Testament this name is sometimes used in a broader sense to mean all of God’s people.
^s12:29-30 Quote from Deut. 6:4-5.
^t12:31 your neighbor Or “others.” Jesus’ teaching in Lk. 10:25-37 makes clear that this includes anyone in need.
^u12:31 Quote from Lev. 19:18.
^vGod’s kingdom The “reign” or “rule” of God over all people who submit to him by accepting Jesus as the Messiah (the appointed king), who represents God’s kingdom on earth. Jesus was the perfect example of submission to the will of God. When people give control of their lives to Jesus, they become part of God’s kingdom and begin to enjoy the blessings he has promised his people from the beginning. (Note that in Matthew this term also translates the Greek word “kingdom” by itself or the phrase, “the kingdom of the heavens,” which was used by Jews as a way to avoid saying the divine name.)
^wTemple The permanent building in Jerusalem that replaced the portable “Holy Tent” that was used by the Israelites from the time of their wandering in the desert to the reign of King Solomon, when the first Temple was built. Like the Holy Tent, the Temple was the center of Israelite worship, although provision was made for it to be “a house of prayer for all nations” (Isa. 56:7).
^xMessiah A Hebrew word that has the same meaning as the Greek word Christ (see “Christ”). It was a title for the kings of God’s people in the Old Testament and for the special king God promised to send as a “savior” to defeat evil and establish the reign of God. Many prophets made it clear that this new kingdom would be eternal; that is, not only would the promised Messiah bring about a time of justice and right living among God’s people here on earth, but also his kingdom would extend beyond this world to life forever with God. However, most Jews of the first century expected the Messiah to be a political ruler here on earth who would defeat the other nations and return the nation of Israel to a position of great glory and power. But God intended his Messiah to establish a new “Israel,” an eternal kingdom that would bless all the nations.
^yDavid Israel’s greatest king, who ruled about 1000 years before Christ. Besides being a great military and political leader, he was a deeply spiritual man and a gifted musician, who wrote many of the Psalms. He made plans and arrangements for the building of the first Temple in Jerusalem (“the city of David”), which was actually completed by his son Solomon. The Scriptures said that a descendant of David would be God’s chosen messiah (king), who would establish an eternal kingdom. For that reason, Jesus is sometimes called “the Son of David.”
^zHoly Spirit Also called the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, and the Comforter. In union with God and Christ, he does God’s work among people in the world.
^aa12:36 control Literally, “feet.”
^abPsalm 110:1
^acsynagogue A place in many cities where Jews gathered for prayer, study of the Scriptures, and other public meetings.
^ad12:41 collection box A special box in the Jewish place for worship where people put their gifts to God.